Parenthetical Documentation || Works Cited List

Format for Print Materials || Format for Online Materials || Help from a Human

• The general rule is to cite the source right in the text of your paper.  If the author's name is mentioned in your writing (this is called a "signal phrase"), you  only need to put the page number in parentheses at the end of the sentence. The reader can then consult the list of works cited at the end of the paper to get the complete citation.
  
  NOTE: Some sources, especially those on the Internet, do not give page numbers. The general rule is to use a section number if it is given; otherwise just use the author name or, if no author is given, the first words of the title.
  

  Ross Parke notes that "natural fathers aren't the only ones raising children on their own. As more families split up, social workers note that stepfathers increasingly are being called on to bring up other people's kids" (52).

  According to Bernard Farber in Encyclopedia Americana, there is a trend toward waiting to marry and toward postponing the birth of the first child (6).

  According to the web site Our Fathers, "Almost 20 percent of fathers ask for child custody after divorce."

• You may decide not to highlight the source of some of your derived information.  In such cases, at the end of the sentence enclose in parantheses both the author's last name and the page referred to. The reader can then consult the list of works cited at the end of the paper to get the complete citation.

  At the turn of the century many men worked long hours, which "entailed their absence from the family for most of the day: that was not a rejection of fatherhood but a necessary element of it" (McKee and O'Brien 54).

  Child support payments can be withheld from wages in 45 states (Schorr 33).

• For publications with no author given, you should include the first 2-3 key words from the title and the page number in parentheses.

  "Fathers today no longer know who they are or what their wives and children expect from them" ("Fathers Confused" 5), and this increases the likelihood they will abandon their families.

• If possible, you should quote or paraphrase material from the original source, but if you do use material that is within someone else's work, include the abbreviation qtd. in ("quoted in") and then refer to the source where you got the information. Use qtd. in even if it's a paraphrase and not a quote.

Dr. Ann Rudolph contends that fathers who bond with their infant children are more likely to maintain lifelong contact (qtd. in Parke 112).

• Write down the URL and date you accessed a web site; they may not appear on printouts.

Works Cited

Box, Scott. "One Father's Unique Perspective." Newsweek 5 Mar. 1999: 38. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO.
 
     Austin Community Coll. Lib., Austin, TX. 12 Feb. 2002 <http://search.ebscohost.com>.

"Parent." Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. 2003. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 13 Mar. 2003

     <http://search.eb.com>. 

Parke, Ross. Fathers. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981. 

Schorr, Burt. "States Cracking Down on Fathers Dodging Child-Support Payments." Wall Street

     Journal 26 Jan. 1993, eastern ed.: 33.

Sheppard, Lisa. "Father Involvement Shows Positive Outcomes." Urban Programs Resource Network.

     Apr. 2001. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 29 May 2003

     <http://www.urbantext.uiuc.edu/news030529.html>.  

Ho

Last name, First name of author.   Title of book. City where published: Name of Publisher,

      year published.

Last name, First name of author (if given). "Title of Article."  Name of Magazine Date

     of issue:page numbers. 

Last name, First name of author (if given). "Title of Article." Name of Magazine Date

     of issue: page numbers. Name of Database. Name of Database Company. Library Used,

     City, State. Date of Access <url of the database home page>. 

Last name, First name of author (if given). "Title of Web Page." Name of Overall Website. Date page was written.   

Publisher or Sponsor of Web Page. Date Accessed <url of the web page>.

However there are many variations. Look at the examples for print and online sources below.

Remember, the following examples are not in the order you will list sources. Your list will be one alphabetical list. To make it easier to find the correct example, the following are divided into print and online sources. Within this, they are grouped by type of source (books, web sites, etc.).

Works Cited - PRINT, INTERVIEWS, or VIDEO SOURCES

Farber, Bernard.  "Family."  Encyclopedia Americana. 1999 ed.

"Fatherhood."  Encyclopedia of Sociology. Ed. T.E. Chen. 2 vols. New York:

     Putnam, 1990.
        

Parke, Ross.  Fathers.  Cambridge:  Harvard University Press, 1981.
          

Young, Marilyn. Family Life. 1972. New York: Doubleday, 1999.

McKee, Lorna and Margaret O'Brien, eds. The Father Figure. 3rd ed. New York:

     Tavistock, 1982.
         

Valsiner, Jaan. "The Father's Role in the Social Network of a Soviet Child."

     The Role of the Father in Child Development. Ed. Michael E. Lamb. New York:

     John Wiley & Sons,1981. 187-201.

Wooster, Bernard. "Child Support Laws Should Be Tougher." Family Values: 

     Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998. 10-14. Rpt. of "Deadbeat

     Dads." Reader's Digest Jan. 1996: 29-34.

Wornen, Henry. "The Father and His Sons." Modern Literature 27 (1995): 179-85.

     Rpt. in Twentieth Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Michael Stewart. Vol. 89.

     Detroit: Gale, 1999. 404-410.

"Fathers Confused by Changing Family Roles."  USA Today Oct. 1980: 5.
         

Gold, Jeannye. "When Fathers Raise Children Alone." U.S. News and World Report

     12 Apr. 1999: 51-52.
         

Larson, Eric. "Cross-Cultural Studies of Fatherhood." Journal of Marriage

     and the Family 11.3 (1998): 212-18. 

Schorr, Burt.  "States Cracking Down on Fathers Dodging Child-Support Payments."

     Wall Street Journal 26 Jan.1983, eastern ed.: 33.

United States. Dept. of Justice. Child-Support Payment Laws. Washington: GPO,

     1991.

When Fathers Desert Families.  Prod. Project Hope. Videocassette. Maxwell, 2002.

Works Cited - ONLINE SOURCES

• When two dates are listed in a citation, the first one is the publication date; the second is when you accessed it.
• If a URL for an article from a database is very long, just list the basic URL for the database first page.
  
  

Box, Scott. "One Father's Unique Perspective." Newsweek 5 Mar. 1999: 38.

     MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Austin Community Coll. Lib., Austin,TX. 

     12 Feb. 2007 <http://search.ebscohost.com>.
       

Coltrain, Scott. Family Man: Fatherhood, Housework, and Gender Equity. New York: Oxford,
       
     1996. NetLibrary. OCLC. Austin Community Coll. Lib., Austin, TX. 7 Feb. 2007
       
     <http://www.netLibrary.com/index.asp>.        
       

Gerry, Judy O., and Julie Meyer. "Balancing Employment and Fatherhood."

     Journal of Family Issues 18 (1997): 386-402. Sociological Collection. EBSCO. 

     Austin Community Coll. Lib., Austin, TX. 21 July 2006<http://search.ebscohost.com>.

Griest, Stephanie Elizondo.  "Program Offers Help for Young Texas Fathers."

     Austin American-Statesman 27 Apr. 1999. InfoTrac Newspapers. Gale. Austin 

     Community Coll. Lib., Austin, TX. 21 July 2006 <http://find.galegroup.com>.
       

O'Neale, Sondra. "Fathers, Gods, and Religion: Perceptions of Christianity and

     Ethnic Faith in James Baldwin." Critical Essays on James Baldwin. Ed. Fred

     Stanley and Nancy Burt. N.p.: Hall, 1988: 125-43. Rpt. In Contemporary

     Literary Criticism. Austin Community Coll., Austin, TX. 12 Dec 2006

     <http://galenet.galegroup.com>.

Willison, Marilyn Murray. "Family Issues." Washington Post 1 May 2002.
 
     2 May 2006<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A146-2002May2.html>.

"Parent." Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. 2003. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

     13 Mar. 2007<http://search.eb.com>. 

Sheppard, Lisa. "Father Involvement Shows Positive Outcomes." Urban Programs 

     Resource Network. Apr. 2001. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 

     29 May 2003 <http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/news/news980413g.html>.

"Why Fathers Are Getting Child Custody More." 30 June 2004 

     <http://www.geocities.com/~dadpower>.

If you have questions, you can e-mail the librarian for help. 

Or you can telephone for help.

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